Cardiac Axis

-

Cardiac axis

Cardiac axis describes the overall direction of electrical spread within the heart.
In a healthy individual the axis should spread from 11 o’clock to 5 o’clock.
To determine the cardiac axis you need to look at leads I,II and III.


Normal cardiac axis

In normal cardiac axis:
    Lead II has the most positive deflection compared to Leads I and III
.

Right axis deviation

In right axis deviation:
     Lead III has the most positive deflection and Lead I should be negative
     This is commonly seen in individuals with right ventricular hypertrophy

Left axis deviation

In left axis deviation:
     Lead I has the most positive deflection
     Leads II and III are negative
     Left axis deviation is seen in individuals with heart conduction defects

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Silhouette Sign

-
Image
Silhouette Sign •  The loss of the lung/soft tissue interface due to the presence of fluid in the normally air-filled lung •  If an intrathoracic opacity is in anatomic contact with a border, then the opacity will obscure that  border •  Commonly seen with the borders of the heart, aorta, chest wall, and diaphragm
Read more

Venous eczema

-
Image
Venous eczema  occurs as a result of venous hypertension causing fluid to collect in the tissues. The stasis of this fluid in the soft tissues results in activation of the innate immune response and subsequent inflammation. Venous eczema has the following clinical characteristics: ·          Itchy red, blistered and crusted  plaques ; or dry fissured and  scaly   plaques  on one or both lower legs (commonly mistaken for cellulitis) ·          Atrophie Blanche (white irregular scars surrounded by red spots) ·          Orange-brown patches pigmentation due to haemosiderin deposition ·          Lipodermatosclerosis If you’re not sure if the patient has venous eczema, ask “Is it itchy?” Varicose eczema is often intensely pruritic and this is a common indication for intervention.
Read more

Causes of hyperuricemia

-
Image
Causes of hyperuricemia • Drugs: diuretics, ethanol, low-dose salicylates, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, nicotinic acid, and cyclosporine   • Chronic renal failure   • Myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders (↑ purine metabolism)   • Obesity   • Hypertension   • Hypothyroidism   • Hyperthyroidism   • Familial   • Excessive dietary purines      ➤ It is more common in the summer months because of reduced fluid intake and increased fluid loss.
Read more