Medical Data Interpretation

Monitoring Glucose Levels in DM • HbA 1c gives an estimate of the degree of glucose control over 2 to 3 months. • The American Diabetes Association recommends a treatment goal of HbA 1c <7.0%. In general, HbA 1c >10% is poor control, 8.5% to 10% is fair control, 7.0% to 8.5% is good control, and <7.0% is ideal. • The American Diabetes Association recommends keeping fasting blood glucose level <130 mg/dL and peak postprandial blood glucose <180 mg/dL.

 This signifies thoracic inlet obstruction (e.g., retrosternal goiter).    • Ask the patient to raise both arms above the head.     •   Patients with inlet obstruction may develop signs of venous compression (a facial plethora, cyanosis, dizziness, syncope).    • Look at neck veins for congestion and listen for stridor.

Trousseau’s sign     Inflate a blood pressure cuff just above the systolic pressure for 3 minutes. When hypocalcemia has caused muscular irritability, the hand will develop flexor spasm. Chvostek’s sign     Gently tap over the facial nerve (in front of the tragus of the ear). The sign is positive if there is a contraction of the lip and facial muscles on the same side of the face. 

These are multiple endocrine neoplasias (MEN) that display autosomal dominant inheritance.  • MEN 1 :  the “3 Ps:  parathyroid hyperplasia (100%),  pancreatic endocrine tumors (40–70%),  pituitary adenomas (30–50%)  • MEN 2 :  medullary cell thyroid carcinoma (100%), pheochromocytoma (50%), and the following:     •    MEN 2a :  parathyroid hyperplasia (80%)        •    MEN 2b :  mucosal and bowel neuromas, marfanoid habitus       

Hi, Here is the relation between Weight, appetite, and Endocrine Disorders: • ↑Appetite, ↓ weight:  thyrotoxicosis, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus  • ↑Appetite, ↑weight:  Cushing’s syndrome, hypoglycemia, hypothalamic disease  • ↓ Appetite, ↓ weight:  gastrointestinal disease, malignancy, anorexia, Addison’s disease, diabetes mellitus  • ↓ Appetite, ↑ weight:  hypothyroidism