Some causes of breast lumps
Some causes of breast lumps
• Cyst
• Fibroadenoma
• Carcinoma
• Fat necrosis
• Hamartoma
• Lipoma
• Epidermoid cyst
• Cystosarcoma
Cardiac Axis
Cardiac axis Cardiac axis describes the overall direction of electrical spread within the heart. In a healthy individual the axis should spread from 11 o’clock to 5 o’clock. To determine the cardiac axis you need to look at leads I,II and III. Normal cardiac axis In normal cardiac axis: Lead II has the most positive deflection compared to Leads I and III . Right axis deviation In right axis deviation: Lead III has the most positive deflection and Lead I should be negative This is commonly seen in individuals with right ventricular hypertrophy Left axis deviation In left axis deviation: Lead I has the most positive deflection Leads II and III are negative Left axis deviation is seen in individuals with heart conduction defects
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